Recent advances in 2D MXenes for enhanced cation intercalation in energy harvesting Applications: A review

Abstract

An advanced energy harvesting device that can be powerful with rapid storage mechanism, effective conservation, intact and secure recycling presently fascinate and are increasingly developed with the proper synthesis strategy and combination of nanomaterials with complementary properties. In 2011 extensive research has led to the wide emanating family of two-dimensional (2D) multi-layered transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides in conjunction with surface terminations namely fluorine, hydroxyl or oxygen which add hydrophilicity to their surfaces, these are collectively known as MXenes, they are derived from a selective etching of atomically thin sheets of ‘A’ element from MAX phases in the acidic solutions which contain aqueous fluoride. The gifted chemistry and unique morphology of MXenes allow us to use them for distinct applications which includes energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, anti-bacterial activity, nanofiltration of water, reinforcements, nuclear waste management, and catalysis. The excellent properties inclusive of high lithium (Li) storage capacity, rapid diffusion of Li, and low operating voltage make the MXenes a promising electrode, the macroporous Ti3C2Tx sheets display gravimetric nearly 210 Fg−1 at scan rates of 10 Vs−1 which exceeds finest carbon supercapacitor and MXene hydrogels can have volumetric capacitances nearly 1500 F·cm−3. In this context, this review provides state of the art for the synthesis of MXenes, it's structure, intercalation, delamination, properties and thorough understanding between nanostructure and electrochemical performance which will encourage further study of 2D MXenes in energy harvesting applications. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.